Frequently Asked Questions
Materials & Technologies
How do you make these instruments?
Our instruments are made through a three-step process: 3D modeling, 3D printing, and hand finishing.
3D Modeling: We use 3D CAD software to digitally model each part of the instrument with high precision, based on technical drawings, measurements, and optical/CT scans of original pieces.
3D Printing: Instrument bodies are almost exclusively printed in nylon using SLS (Selective Laser Sintering). We only use PLA for prototypes and student versions. Keys and other metal parts are printed in brass, bronze, steel, or silver using advanced metal printing technologies (SLM or DMLS).
Hand Finishing: Every part undergoes extensive hand-finishing to ensure the final instrument is both acoustically and aesthetically excellent.
Every instrument is also tested and, if necessary, adjusted by professional musicians before shipping.
How does the design work?
We design each instrument using professional 3D CAD (Computer-Aided Design) software, which allows us to create precise digital models—like sculpting in a virtual space. Every detail is modeled: from the outer profile and inner bore to the fine undercuts of toneholes and key mechanisms.
Designs are based on technical drawings, numerical measurements, and, when available, optical or industrial CT scans of historical originals. These allow us to recreate the instrument's geometry with high accuracy.
The final output of this process is a series of STL files—3D digital models that are then used in the 3D printing phase of production.
What are SLS nylon, PLA, SLM and DMSL metals?
We use different 3D printing materials and technologies depending on the part of the instrument being made.
SLS Nylon (Selective Laser Sintering)
This is our primary material for instrument parts that would traditionally be made from wood. SLS printers use a laser to fuse thin layers of nylon powder into solid forms. The result is a strong, lightweight, slightly porous material that can be hand-finished—sanded, dyed, oiled—to look and feel similar to wood while offering high dimensional accuracy.
PLA (Polylactic Acid)
PLA is a polymer often used in home or desktop 3D printers. While we don’t use PLA for our professional instruments, it is used for our prototypes and didactic instruments.
SLM (Selective Laser Melting) and DMLS (Direct Metal Laser Sintering) Metals
For metal parts like keys, posts, or fittings, we use 3D printing in brass, bronze, steel, or silver. These parts are printed using SLM or DMLS:
SLM (Selective Laser Melting): Fully melts metal powder to create dense, strong components.
DMLS (Direct Metal Laser Sintering): Partially melts the powder for slightly different material properties.
Even after printing, metal parts require significant manual finishing (polishing, adjusting, fitting) to be fully functional.
How are the instruments finished after printing?
After printing, each instrument undergoes a meticulous hand-finishing process to ensure acoustical precision, mechanical reliability, and aesthetic quality.
For the nylon parts:
Surface defects from printing are carefully removed.
The surfaces are sanded, dyed using luthier-grade colors, and treated with varnish or oils for durability and tone.
For the metal parts (such as keys and fittings):
Each key is filed and adjusted to fit precisely into the nylon supports.
Components like steel pins and leaf springs are cut, installed, and regulated to ensure smooth, reliable action.
The keys are polished, and leather or synthetic pads are applied and tested for airtight sealing.
For certain instruments like oboes and bassoons, we also craft handmade bocals—precisely conical brass tubes that receive the double reed. These, along with other brass fittings, are manually fabricated from brass sheet through cutting, forming, silver-brazing, and polishing.
How do these instruments sound?
In blind tests comparing our instruments with traditional wooden ones, there is no perceivable difference in sound quality attributable to the material. The acoustical design (namely, the geometry of the instrument) and the surface treatment play a far greater role than the material itself.
Many professional musicians already use our instruments—for rehearsals, concerts, and research—especially:
as durable alternatives during long rehearsals
in challenging weather conditions
for practicing historical fingerings and temperaments on accurate replicas of original instruments
as didactic tools
Video recordings will be available soon so you can hear them for yourself.
Why should I buy a 3D-printed woodwind instrument?
There are several reasons musicians choose our 3D-printed instruments:
Excellent sound: designed with acoustical precision and tested by professionals.
Durability: they won’t crack, warp, or react to humidity and temperature.
Accessible pricing: more affordable than traditional wooden instruments.
Historical accuracy: they reproduce the geometry of original historical models that would otherwise be difficult or impossible to access.
Quick production time: see below.
How long does it take to produce an instrument?
The waiting list depends on many factors. Usually we are able to deliver an instrument in as early as two months, but the actual waiting time has to be estimated at the time of the order.
Can I visit your workshop or try instruments in person?
Yes, we’re always happy to welcome visitors! You’re invited to try our instruments and discuss your interests with us in person. Please contact us in advance to arrange an appointment.
Do you offer STL files for download or purchase?
No, we do not offer our STL files for sale or download. Our designs are the result of extensive research and development, and we only distribute instruments as finished products.
How should I care for and maintain my instrument?
Our instruments are built to be sturdy and can be played for hours—even in cold, dry, or wet environments—without fear of damage. However, we recommend treating them with the same care and respect as traditional wooden instruments.
To keep your instrument in optimal condition:
Apply a few drops of vaseline oil (also known as liquid paraffin) periodically to the bore and outer wooden-like surfaces. This helps keep the bore smooth and can enhance the sound over time.
Do not use alcohol or harsh cleaners, as they can damage the hand-applied finish.
With proper care, your instrument will continue to play beautifully for years to come.
What's included with the instrument?
Each instrument comes fully assembled and tested. For double reed instruments a brass staple is included.
Instruments & Care
Is a cover included?
A protective cover is not included by default, but can be purchased separately as an accessory.
Can I buy a reed?
Yes, reeds can be provided upon request, but only as accessories to a purchased instrument. We can also share recommended reed dimensions suitable for each instrument if you prefer to make or source your own.
Can I request a custom historical model or pitch?
Yes—we’re open to custom projects and new reconstructions! If you have a specific model or pitch in mind, feel free to get in touch. We’ll be happy to discuss the idea and evaluate its feasibility together.
Can I have my instrument colored in a specific way?
Yes. The color can be selected at the time of your order from a range of wood-inspired finishes shown in our price list. If you have specific preferences, feel free to ask—we're happy to advise.
Can I personalise my instrument with a logo or engraving?
Yes, we can add custom logos, symbols, or text to your instrument, provided these details are confirmed and approved at the time of the order.
Please note:
Customised instruments cannot be returned.
Production times for customised pieces may be longer and will be discussed individually.
What is your payment policy?
To place an order, we require a 25% deposit of the instrument price. This deposit helps cover material costs and is confirmed by a formal invoice. Since each instrument is made to your specifications, the deposit secures your order. Deposits are non-refundable.
When your instrument is complete, we will send you photos and audio/video samples for your approval. After that, you can complete the remaining payment—including shipping costs—and we will ship the instrument to you.
We prefer bank transfer as the primary payment method, but PayPal is also accepted. Please note that PayPal fees for commercial transactions vary by region and are charged to the customer.
Please also consider that customs duties or import taxes may apply if you are located outside the EU.
What is your shipping policy?
We recommend insured shipping, which allows us to take full responsibility in case of loss or damage during transit. Shipping costs vary depending on the destination and will be calculated at checkout or communicated during the ordering process.
If you have specific shipping preferences or requirements, feel free to contact us in advance.
Payment & Shipping
What is your return policy?
Once you receive the instrument, you have 7 days to try it. If you're not satisfied, you can return it for a full refund, excluding shipping costs. The instrument must be returned in its original condition.
Can I collect the instrument in person?
Absolutely. You're welcome to collect your instrument at our workshop in Castelfranco Veneto, Italy.
In fact, we recommend this option when possible, as it allows us to perform final adjustments tailored to your personal playing style and preferences.